星云湖湖滨带生态建设与水生植被恢复

近年来由于人为活动的影响,星云湖的生态结构遭到了严重破坏,这是导致其污染自净能力下降,从而加速水质恶化的主要内在因素.在2000年3月湖泊水生生态演替调查及其原因分析的基础上,根据湖泊生态学的原理,提出了星云湖湖滨带生态建设与水生植被恢复的建设途径.     

珠江口水、沉积物及水生动物中氯苯类有机物的含量及分布

对珠江口水、沉积物及水生动物体内氯苯类有机物(CBs)的污染现状进行了调查,并对该类污染物在水体多介质体系中的转移分配规律进行了初步研究1.结果表明,珠江口表层水中CBs的总浓度为16.44～963.20ng·L-,DCBs(二氯苯)对污染的贡献较为突出,占74.4%;表层沉积物(干重)中CBs总含量为7.83～40.09 ng·g-1,DCBs、TCBs(三氯苯)、TeCBs(四氯苯)、PeCB(五氯苯)和HCB(六氯苯)分别占总量的71.4%、11.1%、13.0%、1.2%、3.6%;水生动物中贝类的CBs平均含量是38873.0ng·g-1、鱼类为2360.3ng·g-1、虾类则为565.0ng·g-1,DCBs和TeCBs是水生动物体内的主要污染物.CBs在水、沉积物及生物体之间存在明显的富集和放大作用.     

水质酸化对水生生物影响的研究

通过人工模拟试验,评价了水体酸化对不同营养级水生生物的影响.结果表明,不同营养级水生生物忍耐pH的阈限为5.0—5.5.     

藻类对壬基酚微生物降解的影响

壬基酚(NP)为在水环境中广泛存在的一种典型环境内分泌干扰物质。为了探讨NP在自然水体中的归趋,研究了水体中藻类对微生物降解NP的影响。结果表明,本研究筛选的耗氧混合菌可以有效降解NP,在暗环境下半衰期为1.16d,光照不利于NP的微生物降解,半衰期增加到5.19d;藻类和藻胞外分泌物可以提高光照条件下NP的微生物降解,这是藻类和菌加和作用的结果;而破碎的藻对降解作用改善不大。藻类和微生物相互作用对于有机污染物降解的影响还鲜见报道,本研究为全面理解NP在水环境中的归驱提供了重要的数据。     

RESPONSE OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER LAKES TO SIMULATED FUTURE CLIMATES1

ABSTRACT: We apply a physically based lake model to assess the response of North American lakes to future climate conditions as portrayed by the transient trace-gas simulations conducted with the Max Planck Institute (ECHAM4) and the Canadian Climate Center (CGCM1) atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (A/OGCMs). To quantify spatial patterns of lake responses (temperature, mixing, ice cover, evaporation) we ran the lake model for theoretical lakes of specified area, depth, and transparency over a uniformly spaced (50 km) grid. The simulations were conducted for two 10-year periods that represent present climatic conditions and those around the time of CO₂ doubling. Although the climate model output produces simulated lake responses that differ in specific regional details, there is broad agreement with regard to the direction and area of change. In particular, lake temperatures are generally warmer in the future as a result of warmer climatic conditions and a substantial loss (> 100 days/yr) of winter ice cover. Simulated summer lake temperatures are higher than 30°C over the Midwest and south, suggesting the potential for future disturbance of existing aquatic ecosystems. Overall increases in lake evaporation combine with disparate changes in A/OGCM precipitation to produce future changes in net moisture (precipitation minus evaporation) that are of less fidelity than those of lake temperature.     

WATER QUALITY AND SOURCE OF FRESHWATER DISCHARGE TO THE CALOOSAHATCHEE ESTUARY,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: The Caloosahatchee River has two major sources of freshwater one from its watershed and the other via an artificial connection to Lake Okeechobee. The contribution of each source to the freshwater discharge reaching the downstream estuary varies and either may dominate. Routine monitoring data were analyzed to determine the effects of total river discharge and source of discharge (river basin, lake) on water quality in the downstream estuary. Parameters examined were: color, total suspended solids, light attenuation, chlorophyll a, and total and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. In general, the concentrations of color, and total and dissolved inorganic nitrogen increased, and total suspended solids decreased, as total discharge increased. When the river basin was the major source, the concentrations of nutrients (excepting ammonia) and color in the estuary were relatively higher than when the lake was the major source. Light attenuation was greater when the river basin dominated freshwater discharge to the estuary. The analysis indicates that water quality in the downstream estuary changes as a function of both total discharge and source of discharge. Relative to discharge from the river basin, releases from Lake Okeechobee do not detectably increase concentrations of nutrients, color, or TSS in the estuary.     

烷基苯磺酸钠对水生动物的生物效应研究

本文通过洗涤剂的主要成分—烷基苯磺酸钠对大型蚤和鲤鱼的毒性试验,说明烷基苯磺酸钠的毒性属中等。对大型蚤２４ｈＥＣ５０为７．２３ｍｇ／Ｌ,４８ｈＥＣ５０为３．８３ｍｇ／Ｌ;对鲤鱼４８ｈＬＣ５０为３．７４ｍｇ／Ｌ,９６ｈＬＣ５０为２．２３ｍｇ／Ｌ。鲤鱼生活在０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的烷基苯磺酸钠溶液中,１５ｄ就能引起鳃的损伤。     

抚河流域水生态环境恢复措施初探

论述了江西省抚河流域的概况、水生态环境的现状及存在的问题，包括淤泥的堆积、水土的流失、水污染、沿岸防洪圩堤标准偏低等问题,并提出了流域水生态环境恢复的目标，以及针对恢复目标提出了水权分配、水土保持治理、水工程治理、水质治理等方面的初步措施与建议。     

骆马湖水体氮污染特征分析

2005年通过对骆马湖水质监测，并结合近几年的监测资料进行了分析，结果表明，氮是骆马湖水体的主要污染物，包括总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮，其主要特征是入湖河流、降水、围网养殖和点源带来的污染。     

A comparative study of the toxicity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane,dieldrin, pentachlorophenol and 3,4 dichloroaniline for marine and fresh water organisms

The aquatic toxicity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol and 3,4-dichloroaniline was determined for about 15 marine and fresh water animals and several unicellular algae. Acute, subchronic and chronic tests including reproduction studies, were carried out. The results are summarized in five tables.